Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain is a 1994 book by neuroscientist António Damásio describing the physiology of rational thought and decision, and how the faculties could have evolved through Darwinian natural selection. Damásio refers to René Descartes' separation of the mind from the body as an error because reasoning requires the guidance of emotions and feelings conveyed from the body. Written for the layperson, Damásio uses the dramatic 1848 railroad accident case of Phineas Gage as a reference for incorporating data from multiple modern clinical cases, enumerating damaging cognitive effects when feelings and reasoning become anatomically decoupled. The book provides an analysis of diverse clinical data contrasting a wide range of emotional changes following frontal lobe damage as well as lower (medulla) and anterior areas of the brain such as the anterior cingulate. Among his experimental evidence and testable hypotheses, Damásio presents the \"somatic marker hypothesis\", a proposed mechanism by which emotions guide behavior and decision-making, and positing that rationality requires emotional input. He argues that René Descartes' \"error\" was the dualist separation of mind and body, rationality and emotion.
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{"slip": { "id": 122, "advice": "You spend half your life asleep or in bed. It's worth spending money on a good mattress, decent pillows and a comfy duvet."}}
{"type":"standard","title":"Battle of Baghuz Fawqani","displaytitle":"Battle of Baghuz Fawqani","namespace":{"id":0,"text":""},"wikibase_item":"Q61843818","titles":{"canonical":"Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani","normalized":"Battle of Baghuz Fawqani","display":"Battle of Baghuz Fawqani"},"pageid":59907327,"thumbnail":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Battle_of_Baghuz_%282019%29.svg/330px-Battle_of_Baghuz_%282019%29.svg.png","width":320,"height":221},"originalimage":{"source":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Battle_of_Baghuz_%282019%29.svg/1779px-Battle_of_Baghuz_%282019%29.svg.png","width":1779,"height":1226},"lang":"en","dir":"ltr","revision":"1284621535","tid":"2bc8e3ca-14ac-11f0-9dc1-7a30eeee5952","timestamp":"2025-04-08T19:03:35Z","description":"Battle during the Syrian Civil War involving the Islamic State and Syrian Democratic Forces","description_source":"local","coordinates":{"lat":34.46027778,"lon":40.95361111},"content_urls":{"desktop":{"page":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani","revisions":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani?action=history","edit":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani?action=edit","talk":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani"},"mobile":{"page":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani","revisions":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani","edit":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani?action=edit","talk":"https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani"}},"extract":"The Battle of Baghuz Fawqani was an offensive by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), assisted by Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) coalition airstrikes, artillery, and special forces personnel, that began on 9 February 2019 as part of the Deir ez-Zor campaign of the Syrian Civil War. The battle—which was composed of a series of ground assaults—took place in and around the Syrian town of Al-Baghuz Fawqani in the Middle Euphrates River Valley near the Iraq–Syria border, and was the territorial last stand of the Islamic State (IS) in eastern Syria.","extract_html":"
The Battle of Baghuz Fawqani was an offensive by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), assisted by Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve (CJTF-OIR) coalition airstrikes, artillery, and special forces personnel, that began on 9 February 2019 as part of the Deir ez-Zor campaign of the Syrian Civil War. The battle—which was composed of a series of ground assaults—took place in and around the Syrian town of Al-Baghuz Fawqani in the Middle Euphrates River Valley near the Iraq–Syria border, and was the territorial last stand of the Islamic State (IS) in eastern Syria.
"}